Recital 33

In the interests of legal certainty, the legal presumption should not have any retroactive legal effects and should therefore apply only to the period starting from 2 December 2026, including for contractual relationships entered into before and still ongoing on that date. Claims relating to the possible existence of an employment relationship before that date and resulting rights and obligations until that date should therefore be assessed only on the basis of Union and national law applicable before that date, including Directive (EU) 2019/1152.